Presentations ppt, key, pdf logging in or signing up. The thermal efficiency of electricity production is represented by the heat rate, which measures the amount of energy used to generate one kilowatthour of electricity. The system operates at a heat rate of 8,100 mbtu mwh and at approaches 70% efficiency. Turbine cycle heat rate calculation linkedin slideshare. Heat rate energy efficiency overall thermal performance or energy efficiency for a power plant for a period can be defined as. Improving the thermal efficiency of coalfired power. The heat rate of unit 1 rayalaseema thermal power project is accurately being justified considering this modeling and so this procedure can now. The rankine cycle closely describes the processes in steamoperated heat engines commonly found in most of thermal power plants. Energy and exergy analysis of coal fired power plant. Heat rate is a term commonly used in power stations to indicate the power plant efficiency. Binq mining ore process calculation of heat rate in thermal power plant.
The main purpose is to determine which factors have a great impact on both 1 heat rate kjkwh of electrical energy output and 2 opacity of the flue gas exhaust emissions. Consequently, improving heat rates at power plants can lower fuel costs and help achieve compliance with environmental regulations. The heat source in the nuclear power plant is a nuclear reactor. Generally, it is predicted that even a small improvement in any part of the plant will result in a significant improvement in the plant efficiency. In order to improve the performance of a thermal power plant tpp, it is necessarily to adopt performance monitoring and heat rate improvement. Improving the thermal efficiency of coalfired power plants. The heat rate is determined by measurement of various plant operating parameters. To express the efficiency of a generator or power plant as a percentage, invert the value if dimensionless notation or same unit are used. Superheating the steam to higher temperatures has very desirable effect.
The temperature to which steam can be superheated is limited by metallurgical consideration. Application of system analysis for thermal power plant heat rate improvement. Oct 21, 2011 turbine cycleperformance calculation 1. Summary of the comments and suggestions received on. Heat rate is one measure of the efficiency of electrical generators power plants that convert a fuel into heat and into electricity. The heat rate is the amount of energy required by an electrical generator or a power plant to produce one kilowatt hour kwh of electricity.
He has been employed by stone and webster, new england power, dominion energy, calpine and shaw power, and is a registered professional engineer in massachusetts. Evaluation of heat rates of coal fired electric power boilers. Thermal power plant tpp is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Electric power, based on calibrated voltage and current measurements. A nuclear power plant nuclear power station looks like a standard thermal power station with one exception. The greatest variation in the design of tpps is due to the different fuel sources. It steam power plant decreases the moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit as can be seen in ts diagram as shown in figure 2. Since coal has a heat value of 20,000 kjkg, for producing one kw. The new chp plant is an integral component of comprehensive mission. Analysis of important power plant performance indicators namely gross heat rate, turbine heat rate, boiler efficiency and auxiliary power consumption has been carried out for the same size of units 100110 mw, 120125 mw, 140 mw, 195200 mw, 210 mw, 250 mw and 500 mw. Plant heat rate is a measure of the combined performance of the gas turbine cycle, the steam turbine cycle, and any other associated auxiliaries. The heat rate of a coalfired power plant measures the amount of heat, typically in btus, needed to generate 1 kilowatthour kwh of electricity. Heat rate is the amount of heat input from fuel per unit of net power output.
Pdf improvement of heat rate of thermal power plant by. Because approximately 3,412 btuhr equals 1 kw, we can easily determine the thermodynamic efficiency of a power plant by dividing 3,412 by the heat rate. Accordingly, typical units for heat rate are btukwh. A heat rate value of 5 gives an efficiency factor of 20%. The least efficient plants in this report have heat rates of about 20,000. For understanding the real problem in the plant, need an exergy analysis in every component. The comparative unit wise position for the above indices is shown in. How to calculate the heat rate of a 900 kw gas engine quora. As far as modern power plant, the overall thermal ency is very less. Power plant losses heat rate boiler losses turbine losses cycle isolation you cant enter more than 5 tags. A heat rate value of 4 mjmj gives an efficiency factor of 25%. Heat rate pulse rate of power plant linkedin slideshare.
Additional benefits are possible when integrated with other solutions within the power plant ecosystem such as. Most heat rate deviations are often small in relation to the overall heat rate. Increasing demand of power has made keen interest of study to improve the efficiency of power plant. A generating unit with a lower, or more efficient, heat rate can generate the same quantity of electricity while consuming less fuel, compared with a unit with a higher heat rate. Analysis of heat rate improvement potential at coalfired power plants. Biomasscofired coal plants can achieve slightly lower heat rates, as exemplified by greenidge station 11,000 btukwh on the biomass portion of the fuel, compared to 9818 on coal alone. This may include more than one gas turbine and steam turbine. The following are the facts which make the understanding on heat rate simple and makeengineers feel the practicality and ensure team preparation for achieving what is. Generation cost calculation for 660 mw thermal power plants. Improvements to heat rate are one means to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide co 2 from coalfired power plants. Power plant performance efficiency engineering toolbox. The heat sources used in these power plants are usually the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, or also the nuclear fission. The targets are specifiedin terms of specific percentage of their present deviation of net operating heat rate from the net design heat rate. Pdf improvement of heat rate of thermal power plant by live.
The total core heat transfer rate to the reactor coolant. Mmbtu kwh heat rate equation of heat rate thermal power plant. Calculation of rankine cycle rankine cycle thermodynamics as energy conversion science. Heat ratethe pulse rate of power plant pdmv prasad,p koteswara rao truth is ever to be found in simplicitysir isaac newton. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which either drives an electrical generator or does some other work, like ship propulsion. Factors affecting efficiency of the thermal power plant have been identified and analyzed for improved working of thermal power plant. Deviation in net station heat rate from design net heat rate reduction target for deviation in net station heat rate % up to 5 % 10 % more than 5% and up to 10 % 17 % more than 10% and up to 20% 21 % more than 20 % 24 %. If the actual heat rate does not match the target, the difference between the actual and target heat rate is the heat rate deviation. Improvement of heat rate of thermal power plant by live steam attemperation as cdm project conference paper pdf available february 2009 with 2,016 reads how we measure reads. Thermal power plants are defined as the power stations where a large amount of heat energy is used and converted into electricity. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. Good now lets continue with a answering your question with a little bit of modification. Although, in most cases, performance losses due to fod are noticeable. Enter one or more tags separated by comma or enter.
The heat rate of unit 1 rayalaseema thermal power project is accurately being justified considering this modeling and so this procedure can now serve as an important tool to analyze the turbine. A typical gasoline internal engine has an energy conversion fuel energy into mechanical energy of 20% to 30%. What is the efficiency of different types of power plants. Heat rate basics industrial wiki odesie by tech transfer. Analysis of heat rate improvement potential at coalfired.
Thermal power plant sector is one of the 8 notifiedenergy intensive sectors under which a total of 144 plants are participating in this program. The following are the facts which make the understanding on heat rate simple and makeengineers feel the practicality and ensure team preparation for achieving what is possible. The scope of optimization includes heat rate, boiler and turbine performance, combustion and soot blowing, alarm diagnostics, water chemistry management and emission reductions. Even with todays fuel prices dropping the way they are, calculating and monitoring your heat rate is important. Heat rate deviation in helpful in identifying the problem in any equipment or auxiliary, and its magnitude is helpful in assigning priority level to these problems. The heat rate is the amount of energy used by an electrical generator power plant to generate one kilowatthour kwh of electricity. Take the case of a typical 210 mw power plant and assume that it has the following operating variables. Performance analysis of 210 mw at ntpc vindhyachal, singrauli.
Heat rate audit in thermal power plant authorstream. Final thermal power plant cover bureau of energy efficiency. Thermal power plant sector bureau of energy efficiency. What is heat rate of turbinecycle heat rate is the heat input requiredper unit of power generated, forspecific fuel being fired and specificsite conditions. Application of system analysis for thermal power plant.
Cost calculation using heat rate instead of heat rate deviation is often overlooked in a thermal power plant. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Because heat rate is the inverse of efficiency, a lower heat rate signifies a more efficient electric generating unit. The term efficiency is a dimensionless measure sometimes quoted in percent, and strictly heat rate is dimensionless as well, but often written as energy per energy in relevant units. Index terms energy analysis, thermal power plant, second law of thermodynamics, reheat rankin cycle. Changes in heat rate can indicate problems with your unit problems may include instrument calibration drift, gas path fouling or foreign object damage fod. This moisture loss is made up of the sensible heat to bring the moisture to boiling point, the latent heat of evaporation of the mois ture, and the superheat required to bring this steam to the temperature of the exhaust gas. This water is converted to steam and this carries away heat in the form of its latent heat. Heat rate formula steam turbine definition, formula and. Performance analysis of 210 mw at ntpc vindhyachal. Thermal power plants in pat i total no of dcs 144 threshold limit to be dc 30,000 tons of oil equivalent toe per annum total target set 3.
April 2016 page 5 of 31 power plant cycles the energy conversion process in a thermal power plant begins with some form of chemical energy e. If x is 20, then the hr reduction target is 24% of the deviation. Most power plants have a target or design heat rate that they are trying to achieve. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser. Rate of fuel coal kghr 16200 calorific value of fuel coal kjkg 17793. In case of a thermal power plant, the main driving force is the water, that forces the steam turbines to move and rotate at a much faster rate, with the help of increasing pressure and temperature of the steam, as a. How to calculate the coal quantity used in a power plant. A heat rate value of 2 kwhkwh gives an efficiency factor of 50%.
Understanding coal power plant heat rate and efficiency. Consider a steam cycle with single reheat and regenerative. Enthalpy, based on calibrated pressure and temperature measurement. Shivaji choudhury what is heat balance diagram heat balance diagram or hbd for thermal power station is the basically schematic representation of the whole steam cycle from boiler to high pressure hp turbines intermediate pressure ip turbines and low pressure lp turbines to condenser to pumps to reheaters. Heat rate can also be defined as the ratio between thermal power inputs to electrical power output. The installed contribution from re is around 27,541. Heat rate can be further divided to compare units at the same plant, where you might compare power block 1 to power block 2. It is the rate of heat input required to generate unit power. Reduction of power plant heat rate as related to cooling systems and. To improve efficiency, the engineer must knew the heat input, the mass of fuel, the fuel analysis and the kw rating generation in order to determine the actual heat rate.